Which condition is characterized by a 'butterfly' rash?

The condition characterized by a 'butterfly' rash is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This rash typically appears across the cheeks and nose, giving it a distinctive shape reminiscent of a butterfly. It is a hallmark sign of SLE, an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue.

In systemic lupus erythematosus, the butterfly rash is often exacerbated by sun exposure and is one of several criteria used for diagnosing the condition. Recognizing this particular rash is crucial for medical professionals, as it can help in identifying and managing the disease effectively.

The other conditions listed do not present this specific rash as a characteristic feature and therefore would not be correct. Angioedema involves swelling of deeper layers of the skin, often around the eyes and lips, and does not have the butterfly appearance. Oral candidiasis is a fungal infection in the mouth and is not associated with any skin rashes. Systemic sclerosis, also known as scleroderma, primarily leads to skin thickening and tightening rather than a specific rash like that seen in lupus. Thus, systemic lupus erythematosus is the condition distinctly linked with the butterfly rash.