Which cytokine is responsible for increasing growth and maturation of myeloid stem cells?

The selected response is indeed Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which plays a crucial role in the immune response by promoting the growth and maturation of myeloid stem cells. GM-CSF specifically stimulates the development of granulocytes and macrophages from progenitor cells in the bone marrow. This leads to an increased production of these essential immune cells, enhancing the body's capacity to respond to infections and inflammation.

Additionally, GM-CSF not only influences myeloid lineage cells but also has effects on their function and survival. By supporting the maturation of these cells, GM-CSF is integral to establishing an effective immune system, thereby allowing for enhanced responses to pathogens and improved hematopoiesis.

The other options provided, while relevant to hematopoiesis and immune responses, have distinct functions that do not specifically target the growth and maturation of myeloid stem cells in the same comprehensive manner as GM-CSF does. Understanding the specific function of GM-CSF in stimulating myeloid lineage development highlights its importance as a key cytokine in the immune response.